The New York Times said that Judge Sotomayor's “judicial opinions are marked by diligence, depth and unflashy competence” and that they “are usually models of modern judicial craftsmanship, which prizes careful attention to the facts in the record and methodical application of layers of legal principles.” Nominee’s Rulings are Exhaustive but Often Narrow, New York Times (May 26, 2009).
At the time of Judge Sotomayor?s nomination to the Second Circuit, Gerald Walpin, who the New York Times called “a former federal prosecutor who is widely known in New York legal circles as a staunch conservative,” described Judge Sotomayor as “exactly what conservatives want: a nonactivist judge who does not apply her own views but is bound by the law.” GOP, Its Eyes on High Court, Blocks a Judge, New York Times (Jun. 13, 1998).
Judge Sotomayor wrote expressly about the importance of judicial restraint in the
questionnaire she submitted to the Senate Judiciary Committee in connection with her
Second Circuit nomination:
Our Constitution vests the right to make and administer laws in the legislative and
executive branches of our government. Judges impermissibly encroach upon that
right by rendering decisions that loosen jurisdictional requirements outside of the
scope of established precedents and by fashioning remedies aimed at including
parties not before the court to resolve broad societal problems.
Judges must provide fair and meaningful remedies for violations of constitutional
and statutory rights to the parties before a court. Doing so can, at times, affect
broad classes of individuals, may place affirmative burdens on governments and
society, and may require some administrative oversight functions by a court.
A judge's decision should not, however, start from or look to these effects as an
end result. Instead, because judicial power is limited by Article III of the
Constitution, judges should seek only to resolve the specific grievance, ripe for
resolution, of the parties before the court and within the law as written and
interpreted in precedents. Intrusion by a judge upon the functions of the other
branches of government should only be done as a last resort and limitedly.
My service as a judge has only reinforced the importance of these principles. . . .
Judge Sotomayor also spoke to the importance of fidelity to the law and of judicial
restraint in the confirmation hearing itself. When asked by then-Senator Ashcroft
whether she would “read additional rights into the Constitution, like a right for
homosexual conduct on the part of a prisoner,” she said: “I can?t do it, sir. I can?t do it
because it is so contrary to what I am as a lawyer, and as a judge. The Constitution is
what it is. We cannot read rights into them. They have been created for us.” And when
asked by Senator Sessions whether “we really weaken and undermine the Constitution
when we try to bend it to make it fit our contemporary feelings of the moment”, she
replied: “Sir, I don't believe we should bend the Constitution under any circumstance. It
says what it says. We should do honor to it.”
Since joining the Second Circuit, Judge Sotomayor has developed a record as a moderate
who agrees with her more conservative colleagues far more frequently than she disagrees
with them.
o Since joining the Second Circuit, she has participated in 434 published panel
decisions where the panel included at least one judge appointed by a Republican
president. In those cases, she agreed with the result favored by the Republican
appointees in 413 cases - 95% of the time.
Many of Judge Sotomayor's opinions reflect a keen understanding of the appropriate
limits of the judicial role.
o Takes care to make sure the case is properly before the courts. In Center for
Reproductive Law & Policy v. Bush (2002), for example, Judge Sotomayor
affirmed the dismissal of a reproductive rights organization's challenge to the
“Mexico City Policy” on the ground that the organization lacked standing to bring
the case.
o Respects criminal convictions and sentences, and does not rush to reverse them
even when mistakes were made. In United States v. Falso (2008), for example,
Judge Sotomayor concluded that although the search warrant used to obtain the
evidence against the defendant was not supported by probable cause, the officers
who executed the search acted in good faith reliance on it and thus the conviction
should stand. Similarly in United States v. Rittweger (2008), Judge Sotomayor
concluded that although the prosecution had violated the defendant?s rights under
Brady, the error did not affect the outcome of the trial and thus the conviction
should stand.
o Respects controlling precedent. In Mendez v. Mukasey (2008), for example,
Judge Sotomayor wrote a panel opinion applying circuit precedent to hold that the
court lacked jurisdiction to review an IJ decision on a particular issue respecting
cancellation of removal. Yet her opinion also expressed the panel's view that the
petitioner?s arguments on the merits were “persuasive,” and that “[w]ere we
operating on a new slate, we would be inclined to hold that the question of
whether an alien has established „exceptional and extremely unusual hardship? is
a determination for which we have jurisdiction to review.”